Четверг, 25 апреля 2024

Средневековый мост в Пано Лефкаре

Фото ix-andromeda.com

На северо-востоке от Лефкары, в долине реки Сиркатис, расположен средневековый двухарочный мост. Его ошибочно считают венецианским. На самом деле он еще древнее – мост построили франки за два столетия до появления на Кипре венецианцев.

Чтобы оценить значимость этого объекта, мы должны вернуться далеко в прошлое, в то время, когда в районе Лефкары были вырыты карьеры. В них добывали готовый строительный материал – известный до сегодняшнего дня и уникальный в своем роде «камень Лефкары». В то же время к юго-востоку от деревни строится большой монастырь, посвященный Архангелу Михаилу, а вокруг него – несколько часовен и небольшое поселение, которое много позже получило название Като Лефкара.

Деревня, поселение, монастырь и их жители , будучи полностью защищены от природных бедствий и вражеских набегов. Северо-восточнее была долина реки Сиркатис, которая при огромном перепаде высот по сравнению с деревней представляла собой неприступную стену. К северу тянулись густые и непроходимые сосновые леса, покрывавшие всю территорию от деревни до самой высокой горы Киония. Юго-западнее был странный, с огромными перепадами высот, белый горный гребень, где и добывались строительные материалы.

В 1192 году, после того, как остров перешел в руки франков, на Кипре была установлена феодальная система. Территорию разделили на части (феоды), которые стали передавать франкским дворянам. Они переселялись из тогдашней Палестины и лишились имущества после того, как арабы отвоевали у европейцев завоеванные ими земли в Палестине. В угодьях феодалов трудились свободные крестьяне, которые при этом платили феодалам очень высокие налоги. Восточная церковь испытывала огромное давление со стороны латинян и со временем практически полностью была вытеснена западной.

В XIII веке н. э. местный феодал построил двухарочный каменный мост через реку Сиркатис. Он хотел упростить доступ с одного своего участка на другой. Рядом с мостом хозяин возвел каменную водяную мельницу и соединил ее с деревней извилистой дорогой, которая прошла по большим оливковым рощам. Рощи эти, к слову, существуют и сегодня.

В первые годы османского господства, сменившего франкское, в окрестности Лефкары устремились потоки людей – они искали защиты от турок. В долине реки было создано несколько поселений. Тысячи их жителей работали на этих землях, которые им за очень маленькую ренту предоставлял монастырь Архангела Михаила. Османы в течение многих лет изо всех сил пытались найти проход к Лефкаре, чтобы подчинить местных жителей, но каждый раз попытки заканчивались неудачей. Даже когда весь остров перешел в их руки, Лефкара все еще была свободна.

На беду жителей деревни на острове один за другим шли засушливые годы. Вода в реке высохла, и перед османами открылся широкий проход по пересохшему руслу, который привел их к мосту и долине с поселениями. 

Сегодня средневековый мост стоит напротив развалин старинной водяной мельницы над рекой, в русле которой уже нет воды, из-за того, что в нескольких километрах к западу была построена дамба. Но это ни в коем случае не мешает ему быть выдающимся памятником, который требует от человека соответствующего отношения. 

средневековый мост лефкара ix andromea4

средневековый мост лефкара ix andromea2

средневековый мост лефкара ix andromea5

средневековый мост лефкара ix andromea2

Фото ix-andromeda.com

 

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