Четверг, 28 марта 2024

Пять главных эко-проблем Кипра

Фото freepik.com

Кипрская федерация природозащитных организаций рассказала о пяти главных экологических проблемах острова и путях их решения. Среди них — управление отходами и защита биоразнообразия Кипра.

Защита и управление водными ресурсами

На Кипре до сих пор не полностью применяется директива об обработке городских сточных вод, из-за чего Евросоюз пожаловался на Кипр в Европейский суд, который признал факт нарушения в марте 2020 года. В октябре 2020 года Брюссель также направил Кипру предупреждение о нарушении директивы об оценке и управлении рисками наводнения.

Федерация предлагает снизить количество подземных вод, которые добывают для хозяйственных нужд, следить за их качеством, оценить зоны, которые могут подвергнуться загрязнению нитратами, обеспечить двойную очистку канализационных вод и принять меры по снижению рисков наводнения.

Обеспечение здоровья и качества жизни

В этом вопросе Кипр нарушает директиву ЕС об оценке и управлению шумом, о чем ЕС предупреждал страну в октябре 2017, январе 2018 и декабре 2020.

Федерация предлагает уменьшить источники шума, провести повторную выдачу лицензий на ведение промышленной деятельности с тем, чтобы найти те компании, которые не сообразуются с требованиями по шумовому загрязнению, проводить больше проверок на предприятиях, бороться с запахами, идущими с животноводческих хозяйств, которые часто расположены вблизи населенных пунктов.

Управление отходами

Кипр долгое время не мог внедрить в свое законодательство о мусорных отходах положения Евросоюза, из-за чего Брюссель выпустил предупреждение в октябре 2020 года. К маю 2021 года гармонизация местного и европейского законодательства прошла успешно. Стране осталось принять требования о снижении воздействия некоторых пластиковых продуктов на окружающую среду, что должно произойти в июле 2021 года.

Федерация предлагает ввести налоги на захоронение отходов, а также усовершенствовать систему раздельного сбора мусора, включая органические отходы, и ввести экономические стимулы, например, системы pay as you throw.

Усиление заботы об окружающей среде

Кипр на три года задержал включение в свое законодательство закона об оценке последствий для окружающей среды определенных проектов, из-за чего Евросоюз направлял правительству предупреждения в мае 2020 года и в феврале 2021 года. Законодательство был гармонизировано только в марте 2021.

Федерация предлагает комплекс мер, связанных с обеспечением фундаментального права доступа к информации, общественному обсуждению и системе юридического рассмотрения вопросов, касающихся защиты окружающей среды. Авторы послания предлагают повысить результативность решения экологических вопросов и усилить участие Кипра в многосторонних соглашениях.

Защита природы и биоразнообразия

Кипр до сих пор в полной мере не выполняет требования директивы о сохранении природных мест обитания, о защите дикой флоры и фауны и директивы о защите диких птиц.

Главные сложности возникают вокруг поддержания чистоты на территориях, включенных в сеть Natura 2000, и других природоохранных зон, выдачи экспертных заключений на строительные проекты, которые влияют на цельность защищенных территорий. И, в целом, Кипр недостаточно заботится о местах, включенных в сеть Natura 2000, и других природоохранных зонах.

Федерация предлагает очистить от мусора природоохранные зоны и включить их в общеевропейскую сеть Natura 2000, объявить все территории местного значения специальными природоохранными зонами, направить достаточное количество сотрудников для реализации необходимых задач по защите окружающей среды, осуществлять большее число проверок.

 

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