Вторник, 23 апреля 2024

Летающие рыбы существуют!

Я вижу их каждый день, когда плаваю в море в Каппарисе: у нас в бухте их «детский сад», где они учатся летать. Работая гидом на морских круизах, я ежедневно видела уже взрослых крупных летучих рыб вдоль всего восточного побережья – от Протараса до мыса Греко. Впечатляющее зрелище!

Летучие рыбы, или двукрыловые – семейство морских рыб отряда сарганообразных. Распространены преимущественно в тропиках и субтропиках. Область распространения ограничена водами с температурой 20 °C. В Красном море обитает семь видов летучих рыб, в Средиземном – четыре.

Летучие рыбы используют свой необычный талант, чтобы избежать рыб-хищников, типа тунца или дельфинов.

Живут они близко к водной поверхности и питаются планктоном. Держатся в маленьких стайках, чаще неглубоко. Окраска летучих рыб вполне типична для обитателей приповерхностного слоя открытого моря: спинка у них темно-синего цвета, а нижняя часть тела ярко-серебристая. У них относительно большие и плоские глаза, которые улучшают зрение в воздухе. Но их самая поразительная особенность – грудные плавники: они необычно большие и позволяют рыбе делать короткие скользящие перелеты над поверхностью воды.

Рыбы быстро плавают очень близко к поверхности воды с прижатыми к телу плавниками. Выпрыгивая из воды, они расправляют плавники. Хвостовому плавнику обычно придают форму вилки. Как только рыбы покидают воду, они быстро работают хвостом, перемещаясь вперед. Они не машут своими «крыльями», а парят. Взлетев под углом 45° к поверхности воды, с начальной скоростью 30–80 км/час, рыбы планируют по воздуху, постепенно снижаясь обратно к воде. Высота полета может достигать 5 м. В большинстве случаев дальность парящего полета – около 50 м, но есть особи, пролетающие сотни метров: используя восходящий поток воздуха на гребнях волн, они увеличивают дальность полета до 400 м.

Управлять своим полетом летучая рыба неспособна, поэтому нередки случаи, когда они врезаются в борт судна или падают на палубу. Во время плавания «Кон-Тики» был зафиксирован случай, когда летучая рыба сбила с ног одного из членов экипажа.

Сильное впечатление производит вид стаи из тысячи летучих рыб, поднявшейся в воздух. Вот как писал об этом Майн Рид в романе «Затерянные в океане»: «Какое это очаровательное зрелище! Никто не может им вдоволь налюбоваться: ни старый “морской волк”, наблюдающий его, должно быть, в тысячный раз, ни юнга, увидевший его впервые в жизни».

Далее писатель замечал: «Кажется, на свете нет существа, у которого было бы столько врагов, как у летучей рыбы. Она ведь и в воздух-то поднимается для того, чтобы спастись от своих многочисленных преследователей в море. Но это называется “попасть из огня да в полымя”. Спасаясь от пасти своих постоянных врагов – дельфинов, тунцов и других тиранов океана, она попадает в клюв к альбатросам, глупышам и прочим тиранам воздуха».

У летучих рыб вкусное мясо, и в некоторых районах тропической и субтропической полосы они активно используются промыслом. Наибольшее промысловое значение летучие рыбы имеют в Японии: 50% от всего улова.

Икра летучих рыб известна под японским названием «тобико» и широко используется в суши и других блюдах японской кухни.

Лана КРЕЙН

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOqU2fPoEgw&index=3&list=PLzsWXbvxImvCLk-oY2iSlQtH62uRUb4N3&t=0s

 

летучие рыбы 5

летучие рыбы 2

летучие рыбы 4

 

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